千锋教育鸿蒙（HarmonyOS）开发教程：module.json5配置文件



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千锋教育鸿蒙（HarmonyOS）开发教程：module.json5配置文件

2023-12-15 4:53:53网络知识悟空
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先通过一个示例，整体认识一下module.json5配置文件。

{
  "module": {
    "name": "entry",
    "type": "entry",
    "description": "$string:module_desc",
    "mainElement": "EntryAbility",
    "deviceTypes": [
      "default",
      "tablet"
    ],
    "deliveryWithInstall": true,
    "installationFree": false,
    "pages": "$profile:main_pages",
    "virtualMachine": "ark",
    "metadata": [
      {
        "name": "string",
        "value": "string",
        "resource": "$profile:distributionFilter_config"
      }
    ],
    "abilities": [
      {
        "name": "EntryAbility",
        "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ts",
        "description": "$string:EntryAbility_desc",
        "icon": "$media:icon",
        "label": "$string:EntryAbility_label",
        "startWindowIcon": "$media:icon",
        "startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background",
        "exported": true,
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              "entity.system.home"
            ],
            "actions": [
              "ohos.want.action.home"
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "requestPermissions": [
      {
        "name": "ohos.abilitydemo.permission.PROVIDER",
        "reason": "$string:reason",
        "usedScene": {
          "abilities": [
            "FormAbility"
          ],
          "when": "inuse"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

 module.json5配置文件包含以下标签。

表1 module.json5配置文件配置标签说明

deviceTypes标签

表2 deviceType标签配置说明

deviceTypes示例：

{
  "module": {
    "name": "myHapName",
    "type": "feature",
    "deviceTypes" : [
       "tablet"
    ]
  }
}

 pages标签

该标签是一个profile文件资源，用于指定描述页面信息的配置文件。

{
  "module": {
    // ...
    "pages": "$profile:main_pages", // 通过profile下的资源文件配置
  }
}

 在开发视图的resources/base/profile下面定义配置文件main_pages.json，其中文件名(main_pages)可自定义，需要和前文中pages标签指定的信息对应，配置文件中列举了当前应用组件中的页面信息。

表3 pages配置文件标签说明

{
  "src": [
    "pages/index/mainPage",
    "pages/second/payment",
    "pages/third/shopping_cart",
    "pages/four/owner"
  ]
}

 metadata标签

该标签标识HAP的自定义元信息，标签值为数组类型，包含name，value，resource三个子标签。

表5 metadata标签说明

{
  "module": {
    "metadata": [{
      "name": "module_metadata",
      "value": "a test demo for module metadata",
      "resource": "$profile:shortcuts_config",
    }],

    "abilities": [{
      "metadata": [{
        "name": "ability_metadata",
        "value": "a test demo for ability",
        "resource": "$profile:config_file"
      },
      {
        "name": "ability_metadata_2",
        "value": "a string test",
        "resource": "$profile:config_file"
      }],
    }],

    "extensionAbilities": [{
      "metadata": [{
        "name": "extensionAbility_metadata",
        "value": "a test for extensionAbility",
        "resource": "$profile:config_file"
      },
      {
        "name": "extensionAbility_metadata_2",
        "value": "a string test",
        "resource": "$profile:config_file"
      }],
    }]
  }
}

 abilities标签

abilities标签描述UIAbility组件的配置信息，标签值为数组类型，该标签下的配置只对当前UIAbility生效。

表6 abilities标签说明

abilities示例：

{
  "abilities": [{
    "name": "EntryAbility",
    "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ts",
    "launchType":"singleton",
    "description": "$string:description_main_ability",
    "icon": "$media:icon",
    "label": "Login",
    "permissions": [],
    "metadata": [],
    "exported": true,
    "continuable": true,
    "skills": [{
      "actions": ["ohos.want.action.home"],
      "entities": ["entity.system.home"],
      "uris": []
    }],
    "backgroundModes": [
      "dataTransfer",
      "audioPlayback",
      "audioRecording",
      "location",
      "bluetoothInteraction",
      "multiDeviceConnection",
      "wifiInteraction",
      "voip",
      "taskKeeping"
    ],
    "startWindowIcon": "$media:icon",
    "startWindowBackground": "$color:red",
    "removeMissionAfterTerminate": true,
    "orientation": " ",
    "supportWindowMode": ["fullscreen", "split", "floating"],
    "maxWindowRatio": 3.5,
    "minWindowRatio": 0.5,
    "maxWindowWidth": 2560,
    "minWindowWidth": 1400,
    "maxWindowHeight": 300,
    "minWindowHeight": 200,
    "excludeFromMissions": false
  }]
}

 skills标签

该标签标识UIAbility组件或者ExtensionAbility组件能够接收的Want的特征。

skills示例：

{
  "abilities": [
    {
      "skills": [
        {
          "actions": [
            "ohos.want.action.home"
          ],
          "entities": [
            "entity.system.home"
          ],
          "uris": [
            {
              "scheme":"http",
              "host":"example.com",
              "port":"80",
              "path":"path",
              "type": "text/*"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

 extensionAbilities标签

描述extensionAbilities的配置信息，标签值为数组类型，该标签下的配置只对当前extensionAbilities生效。

表9 extensionAbilities标签说明

extensionAbilities示例：

{
  "extensionAbilities": [
    {
      "name": "FormName",
      "srcEntry": "./form/MyForm.ts",
      "icon": "$media:icon",
      "label" : "$string:extension_name",
      "description": "$string:form_description",
      "type": "form", 
      "permissions": ["ohos.abilitydemo.permission.PROVIDER"],
      "readPermission": "",
      "writePermission": "",
      "exported": true,
      "uri":"scheme://authority/path/query",
      "skills": [{
        "actions": [],
        "entities": [],
        "uris": []
      }],
      "metadata": [
        {
          "name": "ohos.extension.form",
          "resource": "$profile:form_config", 
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

 requestPermissions标签

该标签标识应用运行时需向系统申请的权限集合。

说明

在requestPermissions标签中配置的权限项将在应用级别生效，即该权限适用于整个应用程序。

如果应用需要订阅自己发布的事件，而且应用在extensionAbilities标签中的permissions字段中设置了访问该应用所需要的权限，那么应用也需要在requestPermissions标签中注册相关权限才能收到该事件。

requestPermissions示例：

{
  "module" : {
    "requestPermissions": [
      {
        "name": "ohos.abilitydemo.permission.PROVIDER",
        "reason": "$string:reason",
        "usedScene": {
          "abilities": [
            "EntryFormAbility"
          ],
          "when": "inuse"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

 shortcuts标签

shortcuts标识应用的快捷方式信息。标签值为数组，最多可以配置四个快捷方式。其包含四个子标签shortcutId、label、icon、wants。

metadata中指定shortcut信息，其中：

name：指定shortcuts的名称。使用ohos.ability.shortcuts作为shortcuts信息的标识。

resource：指定shortcuts信息的资源位置。

表11 shortcuts标签说明

在/resource/base/profile/目录下配置shortcuts_config.json配置文件。

{
  "shortcuts": [
    {
      "shortcutId": "id_test1",
      "label": "$string:shortcut",
      "icon": "$media:aa_icon",
      "wants": [
        {
          "bundleName": "com.ohos.hello",
          "abilityName": "EntryAbility"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

 在module.json5配置文件的abilities标签中，针对需要添加快捷方式的UIAbility进行配置metadata标签，使shortcut配置文件对该UIAbility生效。

{
  "module": {
    // ...
    "abilities": [
      {
        "name": "EntryAbility",
        "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ts",
        // ...
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              "entity.system.home"
            ],
            "actions": [
              "ohos.want.action.home"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "metadata": [
          {
            "name": "ohos.ability.shortcuts",
            "resource": "$profile:shortcuts_config"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

 distributionFilter标签

该标签下的子标签均为可选字段，用于定义HAP对应的细分设备规格的分发策略，以便应用市场在云端分发HAP时做精准匹配。该标签需要配置在/resource/profile资源目录下;在进行分发时，通过deviceType与下表属性的匹配关系，唯一确定一个用于分发到设备的HAP。

表12 distributionFilter标签说明

在开发视图的resources/base/profile下面定义配置文件distro_filter_config.json，文件名可以自定义。

{
  "distributionFilter": {
    "screenShape": {
      "policy": "include",
      "value": [
        "circle",
        "rect"
      ]
    },
    "screenWindow": {
      "policy": "include",
      "value": [
        "454*454",
        "466*466"
      ]
    },
    "screenDensity": {
      "policy": "exclude",
      "value": [
        "ldpi",
        "xldpi"
      ]
    },
    "countryCode": { // 支持中国和香港地区分发
      "policy": "include",
      "value": [
        "CN",
        "HK"
      ]
    }
  }
}

 在module.json5配置文件的module标签中定义metadata信息。

{
  "module": {
    // ...
    "metadata": [
      {
        "name": "ohos.module.distro",
        "resource": "$profile:distro_filter_config",
      }
    ]
  }
}

 testRunner标签

此标签用于支持对测试框架的配置。

表17 testRunner标签说明

testRunner标签示例：

{
  "module": {
    // ...
    "testRunner": {
      "name": "myTestRunnerName",
      "srcPath": "etc/test/TestRunner.ts"
    }
  }
}

 

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